Role Based Access Control (RBAC)

Disclaimer

RBAC is currently in Technical Preview. Early adopters are advised to use this feature only for testing purposes and not in production environments.

Role-based access control (RBAC) restricts access to resources within Percona Everest. It establishes a framework that defines access permissions and privileges according to individual users’ roles. With RBAC, only authorized individuals can access specific information or perform certain actions based on their assigned roles. This method improves security by minimizing the risk of unauthorized access and helps manage permissions more efficiently across Percona Everest.

Warning

RBAC will not work if you have configured Single sign-on (SSO) and your identity provider (IdP) is Microsoft Entra.

How to enable RBAC

To enable or disable RBAC in Percona Everest, you can use a configuration flag that allows switching between RBAC-enabled and RBAC-disabled modes. By default, RBAC is disabled.

Important

The RBAC configuration is stored in a ConfigMap named everest-rbac within the everest-system namespace.

Here’s how you can enable RBAC:

apiVersion: v1
data:
  enabled: "true"
  policy.csv: |
    g, admin, role:admin
kind: ConfigMap
metadata:
  name: everest-rbac
  namespace: everest-system

Policy definition in RBAC

RBAC policies are the rules and guidelines that define how roles, permissions, and users are managed within RBAC. These policies ensure that users have appropriate access to resources based on their roles within Percona Everest.

The policy definition in Percona Everest is:

p, <subject>, <resource-type>, <action>, <resource-name>

Where:

subject: Refers to the name of the role or user. For example, role:admin or admin

resource-type: Refers to the type of Everest resource, such as namespaces, database-clusters, database-engines, etc.

For in-depth information on the actions that a subject can perform, see the resources and permissions section.

action: Refers to the action the subject can perform. For example, read, update, delete, create, or *

resource-name: Refers to a specific instance of the given resource-type. The argument should be prefixed with the namespace in which the resource is present <namespace>/<resource-name>. For example, my-namespace/my-cluster-1, my-namespace-2/my-backup-1, etc. You may also use a wildcard, such as *, */*, or my-namespace/*

Important

If you have permission for specific namespaces or resources, you can perform read, update, create, or delete actions only on those resources or only within those namespaces. However, if you have permission for all the resources or namespaces, you can carry out these actions across all the resources and namespaces.

Example:

p, example-user, database-clusters, read, example-namespace/example-db

In this case, the example-user user has permissions to read a database called example-db in the example-namespacenamespace.

RBAC resources and permissions

Below is a comprehensive table outlining the permissions available for various resources:

Permissions for resources

Important

Represents an action that’s not supported by the Percona Everest API.

Table: Permissions for the various resources in Percona Everest

Resource	Read	Create	Update	Delete
namespaces	You can view namespaces
database-engines (MySQL, MongoDB, PostgreSQL)	You can view database engines when you create databases Note: This policy must at least be read all so the users can create databases.		Modify database engines
database-clusters	You can view databases	You can create databases	You can modify databases	You can delete databases
database-cluster-backups	You can view database cluster backups	You can create database cluster backups		You can delete database cluster backups
database-cluster-restores	You can view database cluster restores	You can create database cluster restores	You can modify database cluster restores	You can delete database cluster restores
backup-storages and monitoring-instances	You can view backups and monitoring endpoints	You can create backups and monitoring endpoints	You can modify backups and monitoring endpoints	You can delete backups and monitoring endpoints
database-cluster-credentials	View database data (credentials) Note: If no policy is defined: * You cannot see the credentials and the connection string. * You also cannot create a database from any backup.

Key considerations for RBAC

Before you start defining the different roles, there are some important things to consider when it comes to Role-Based Access Control (RBAC).

Namespaces DB clustersResourcesBackupsRestoresUpgrades

Read namespaces permissions are required for all the roles.

To create, update and delete database clusters, backups, schedules, monitoring instances, and restores it is recommended to explicitly grant read permissions as well for the database clusters. Without these permissions, you would not be able to view these resources, which would not be practical.

To create, update and delete the resources, it is recommended to explicitly grant read permissions for these resources as well. Without these permissions, you would not be able to view these resources, which would not be practical.

Example: To manage backup schedules (create, update, delete a schedule), it is recommended to explicitly grant read permissions for the backup schedules as well as backup storages.

For on-demand backups and schedules, you should grant read permissions for backup storages as well.

For restores, to new and existing databases, you should grant the following permisssions as well:

• Read backups (of the old DB)
• Read MonitoringConfig (if the old DB has monitoring enabled)
• Read database cluster credentials (of the old DB)
• Create backups (if backup schedules are enabled)

For upgrades, the following permissions must be granted:

• Read Namespaces
• Read all database engines in that namespace
• Read all database clusters in that namespace
• Update database clusters in that namespace

Roles in RBAC

In Role-Based Access Control (RBAC), a Role is a set of permissions that define what actions (like read, write, update, delete) can be performed on specific resources within Percona Everest. In RBAC, roles are assigned to users, allowing them to interact with the resources according to the permissions defined by their roles.

Note

It is recommended to prefix role names with role: to prevent confusion between role names and user names.

Built-in role

In Percona Everest, the only predefined role is role:admin. A user with this role has unrestricted access to Percona Everest. However, the RBAC (Role-Based Access Control) configuration can define and allocate specific roles based on individual requirements and access privileges.

This built-in role:admin definition is equivalent to the following:

p, role:admin, namespaces, *, *
p, role:admin, database-engines, *, */*
p, role:admin, database-clusters, *, */*
p, role:admin, database-cluster-backups, *, */*
p, role:admin, database-cluster-restores, *, */*
p, role:admin, database-cluster-credentials, *, */*
p, role:admin, backup-storages, *, */*
p, role:admin, monitoring-instances, *, */*

RBAC examples

In this section, we will explore some examples that demonstrate how to create policy definitions for the required roles.

Examples

Let’s dive into some role definitions for RBAC:

Namespace admin roleRead only roleDatabase admin role

Admin role for a single namepsace

Let’s set up an admin role with unrestricted privileges to all the resources in a single namespace called namespaceA.

p, role:namespaceAadmin, namespaces, *, namespaceA
p, role:namespaceAadmin, database-engines, *, namespaceA/*
p, role:namespaceAadmin, database-clusters, *, namespaceA/*
p, role:namespaceAadmin, database-cluster-backups, *, namespaceA/*
p, role:namespaceAadmin, database-cluster-restores, *, namespaceA/*
p, role:namespaceAadmin, database-cluster-credentials, *, namespaceA/*
p, role:namespaceAadmin, backup-storages, *, namespaceA/*
p, role:namespaceAadmin, monitoring-instances, *, namespaceA/*

Let’s dive into decoding this!

The namespaceAadmin role has the following privileges within the namespaceA namespace:

• namespace: Read access to the namespaceA
• Database engines: Read and update access
• Database clusters: All access (read, create, update, delete)
• Database cluster backups: All access (read, create, delete)
• Database cluster rstores: All access (read, create, update, delete)
• Database clusters credentials: Read acccess
• Backup storages: All access (read, create, update, delete)
• Monitoring instances: All access (read, create, update, delete)

1. Read only role without access to the database credentials

Let’s set up a read only role with access to all resources in all namespaces with the exception of database credentials:

p, role:readonly, namespaces, read, *
p, role:readonly, database-engines, read, */*
p, role:readonly, database-clusters, read, */*
p, role:readonly, database-cluster-backups, read, */*
p, role:readonly, database-cluster-restores, read, */*
p, role:readonly, backup-storages, read, */*
p, role:readonly, monitoring-instances, read, */*

Let’s dive into decoding this!

The readonlyrole has the following privileges in all the namespaces:

• namespace: Read access to all the namespaces
• Database engines: Read access
• Database clusters: Read access
• Database cluster backups: Read access
• Database cluster restores: Read access
• Backup storages: Read access
• Monitoring instances: Read access

2. Read only role with access to the database credentials

Let’s set up a read only role that has read-only access to all resources in all namespaces, including access to the database credentials.

p, role:readonlywithcreds, namespaces, read, *
p, role:readonlywithcreds, database-engines, read, */*
p, role:readonlywithcreds, database-clusters, read, */*
p, role:readonlywithcreds, database-cluster-backups, read, */*
p, role:readonlywithcreds, database-cluster-restores, read, */*
p, role:readonlywithcreds, backup-storages, read, */*
p, role:readonlywithcreds, monitoring-instances, read, */*
p, role:readonlywithcreds, database-cluster-credentials, read, */*

Let’s dive into decoding this!

The readonlywithcreds role has the following privileges in all the namespaces:

• namespace: Read access to all the namespaces
• Database engines: Read access
• Database clusters: Read access
• Database cluster backups: Read access
• Database cluster restores: Read access
• Backup storages: Read access
• Monitoring instances: Read access
• Database clusters credentials: Read acccess

1. Database admin role with read access to certain resources

Let’s set up a role that has read only access to the database-engines, backup-storages and monitoring-instances. This means that users assigned to this role can manage the databases without restriction but cannot manage the database Kubernetes operators’ versions. They also cannot create, update, or delete backup-storages and monitoring-instances.

p, role:dbadmin, namespaces, *, *
p, role:dbadmin, database-engines, read, */*
p, role:dbadmin, database-clusters, *, */*
p, role:dbadmin, database-cluster-backups, *, */*
p, role:dbadmin, database-cluster-restores, *, */*
p, role:dbadmin, database-cluster-credentials, *, */*
p, role:dbadmin, backup-storages, read, */*
p, role:dbadmin, monitoring-instances, read, */*

Let’s dive into decoding this!

The dbadmin role has the following privileges in all the namespaces:

• namespace: Read access in all the namespaces.
• Database engines: Read access to all the database engines
• Database clusters: All access (read, create, update, delete)
• Database cluster backups: All access (read, create, delete)
• Database cluster restores: All access (read, create, update, delete)
• Database clusters credentials: Read acccess for all the databases
• Backup storages: Read access to all the backup storages
• Monitoring instances: Read access to all the monitoring instances

2. Database admin role for a single database

Let’s set up a role that has access to only a single database called databaseA:

p, role:dbadminDatabaseA, namespaces, *, namespaceA
p, role:dbadminDatabaseA, database-engines, read, namespaceA/*
p, role:dbadminDatabaseA, database-clusters, *, namespaceA/databaseA
p, role:dbadminDatabaseA, database-cluster-backups, *, namespaceA/*
p, role:dbadminDatabaseA, database-cluster-restores, *, namespaceA/*
p, role:dbadminDatabaseA, database-cluster-credentials, *, namespaceA/databaseA
p, role:dbadminDatabaseA, backup-storages, read, namespaceA/*
p, role:dbadminDatabaseA, monitoring-instances, read, namespaceA/*

Let’s dive into decoding this!

This role has the following privileges:

• namespace: Read access in the namespace namespaceA.
• Database engines: Read access in the namespace namespaceA
• Database clusters: All access (read, create, update, delete) in namespace namespaceA only for database databaseA
• Database cluster backups: All access (read, create, delete) in the namespace namespaceA
• Database cluster restores: All access (read, create, update, delete) in the namespace namespaceA
• Database clusters credentials: Read acccess for all the databases
• Backup storages: Read access to all the backup storagesin the namespace namespaceA
• Monitoring instances: Read access to all the monitoring instances in the namespace namespaceA

More insights into backups and restore policies

Let’s dive into different backup and restore policies for Percona Everest.

Read only role for a single namespace

Let’s start with a read only role for a single namespace:

p, role:exampleA, namespaces, read, namespaceA
p, role:exampleA, database-engines, read, namespaceA/*
p, role:exampleA, database-clusters, read, namespaceA/*
p, role:exampleA, database-cluster-backups, read, namespaceA/*
p, role:exampleA, database-cluster-restores, read, namespaceA/*
p, role:exampleA, backup-storages, read, namespaceA/*
p, role:exampleA, monitoring-instances, read, namespaceA/*

Permissions to create on-demand backups

In the policy mentioned above, just add permissions to create on-demand backups.

p, role:exampleA, database-cluster-backups, create, namespaceA/*

Permissions to manage backup schedules

In the policy mentioned above, just add permissions to manage backup schedules.Backup schedules are part of the database cluster spec, so we require update permissions for the database clusters:

p, role:exampleA, database-cluster-backups, create, namespaceA/*
p, role:exampleA, database-clusters, update, namespaceA/*

Permissions to restore a backup to an existing database

In the policy mentioned above, just add permissions to restore a backup to an existing database:

p, role:exampleA, database-cluster-restores, create, namespaceA/*
p, role:exampleA, database-cluster-credentials, read, namespaceA/*

Note

You cannot restore the backup to an existing database without having read permissions to the database cluster credentials.

Permissions to restore a backup to a new database

In the policy mentioned above, just add permissions to restore a backup to a new database:

p, role:exampleA, database-cluster-restores, create, namespaceA/*
p, role:exampleA, database-cluster-credentials, read, namespaceA/*
p, role:exampleA, database-clusters, create, namespaceA/*

Assigning roles to users

In order for roles to take effect, they need to be assigned to users. The syntax for this is as follows:

g, username, rolename

A new user in Percona Everest will initially have no permissions. To grant permissions, you must edit your RBAC configuration stored in the everest-rbac ConfigMap in the everest-system namespace:

kubectl edit cm everest-rbac -n everest-system

A text editor will open, and you can edit the ConfigMap as follows. You just have to add the new user and assign it the desired role.

apiVersion: v1
kind: ConfigMap
metadata:
  name: everest-rbac
data:
  policy.csv: |
    g, admin, role:admin
    g, <newuser>, role:admin

Example

Let’s assign the role team-dev to a new user named john:

p, role:team-dev, namespaces, read, dev
p, role:team-dev, database-engines, read, dev/*
p, role:team-dev, database-clusters, read, dev/*
p, role:team-dev, database-clusters, update, dev/*
p, role:team-dev, database-clusters, create, dev/*
p, role:team-dev, database-clusters, delete, dev/*
p, role:team-dev, database-cluster-credentials, read, dev/*
g, john, role:team-dev

The team-dev role has the following privileges only within the dev namespace:

• namespace: Read access to dev
• Database engines: Read access
• Database clusters: Read access
• Database clusters: Update access
• Database clusters: Create access
• Database clusters: Delete access
• Database cluster credentials: Read access

Validate your RBAC policy

You can verify whether your Role-based access control (RBAC) policies are functioning correctly by executing the following command:

everestctl settings rbac validate --policy-file <file_path>

Where:

policy-file is an optional flag that takes the policy file path. If you do not specify the path to this file, it will look for the configuration file inside your existing Percona Everest installation, that is, under RBAC ConfigMap.

Policy validation

The following example demonstrates that this is a valid policy.

everestctl settings rbac validate --policy-file ./pkg/rbac/testdata/policy-1-good.csv

Output:

✓ Valid

The following example demonstrates that this is an invalid policy.

everestctl settings rbac validate --policy-file ./pkg/rbac/testdata/policy-bad.csv

output:

× Invalid
policy syntax error - unknown resource name 'non-existent-resource'

Test your RBAC policy

You can verify if a role or individual (such as a group or a local user) has the necessary privileges to perform particular operations on designated resources.

We have a straightforward command that can be used to test the RBAC (Role-Based Access Control) policies:

everestctl settings rbac can --policy-file <file_path>

Where:

policy-file is an optional flag that takes the policy file path. If you do not specify the path to this file, it will look for the configuration file inside your existing Percona Everest installation, that is, under RBAC ConfigMap.

Test your policy

The following example tests whether a user, Alice, can create database clusters:

everestctl settings rbac can alice create database-clusters '*' --policy-file ./pkg/rbac/testdata/policy-1-bad.csv

Output

No

The following example tests whether an Admin user can create database clusters:

everestctl settings rbac can admin create database-clusters '*' --policy-file ./pkg/rbac/testdata/policy-1-good.csv

Output:

Yes

Breaking API changes for RBAC

Starting from Percona Everest v1.2.0, breaking changes are being implemented to the API for monitoring-instances and backup-storagesresources. Explore further by checking out the section on Breaking API changes for a deep dive into this topic.

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