Replication manager for Percona XtraDB Cluster¶

The feature is a tech preview. Before using this feature in production, we recommend that you test restoring production from physical backups in your environment, and also use the alternative backup method for redundancy.

The replication manager script helps manage multi-source replication between multiple Percona XtraDB Cluster clusters. This tool has a failover mechanism and can automatically perform a failover due to source or replica node failures, service degradation, or maintenance requirements.

The replication manager script monitors the active source-replica replication channel. If the source or replica node fails, the script re-establishes the replication channel using alternative source or replica cluster nodes.

Example¶

For example, we deploy multi-source replication links between three data centers: DC1, DC2, and DC3. In each data center, there are three Percona XtraDB Cluster nodes form distinct Percona XtraDB Cluster clusters. The data centers contain the following nodes:

DC1	DC2	DC3
DC1-1	DC2-1	DC3-1
DC1-2	DC2-2	DC3-2
DC1-3	DC2-3	DC3-3

The topology is the following:

DC2 <=> DC1 <=> DC3

All of the nodes are sources and replicas. DC1 is a replica of DC2 and DC3. DC2 and DC3 are replicas of DC1.

+----------------+---------------+
| clusterSlave   | clusterMaster |
+----------------+---------------+
| DC1            | DC2           |
| DC1            | DC3           |
| DC2            | DC1           |
| DC3            | DC1           |
+----------------+---------------+

The example of the minimal MySQL configuration file for DC1 that is common for all three DC1 nodes:

[mysqld]
# General galera reqs
default_storage_engine=InnoDB
innodb_autoinc_lock_mode=2

# Replication settings
binlog_format=ROW
server-id=1
log-bin=mysql-bin
log_replica_updates
expire_logs_days=7
gtid_mode = ON
enforce_gtid_consistency=ON
skip-replica-start

# Galera configuration
wsrep_provider=/usr/lib/galera3/libgalera_smm.so
wsrep_cluster_address=gcomm://10.0.4.160,10.0.4.162,10.0.4.163
wsrep_replica_threads= 2
wsrep_log_conflicts
wsrep_cluster_name=DC1
pxc_strict_mode=ENFORCING
wsrep_sst_method=xtrabackup-v2
wsrep_sst_auth="root:root"

All nodes have the same server-id value.

Configuration steps¶

Bootstrap the cluster on DC1-1 node by running the following commands as root or using sudo:

[root@DC1-1 ~]# /etc/init.d/mysql stop 
[root@DC1-1 ~]# /etc/init.d/mysql bootstrap-pxc

On DC1-2 node, stop MySQL, delete the content of the datadir to force the SST, and start MySQL. Run the following commands as root or using sudo:
```
[root@DC1-2 ~]# /etc/init.d/mysql stop
[root@DC1-2 ~]# rm -rf /var/lib/mysql/*
[root@DC1-2 ~]# /etc/init.d/mysql start
```

Once the SST of DC1-2 node is completed, proceed on DC1-3. Run the following commands as root or using sudo:

[root@DC1-3 ~]# /etc/init.d/mysql stop
[root@DC1-3 ~]# rm -rf /var/lib/mysql/*
[root@DC1-3 ~]# /etc/init.d/mysql start

The DC1 cluster uses a single GTID sequence. To make sure GTID_PURGED is the same, run the following commands on DC1-1, DC1-2, and DC1-3 nodes:
```
mysql> flush logs;
mysql> purge binary logs to 'mysql-bin.000003';
```
mysql-bin.000003 is the last file returned when you run the following command:
```
mysql>`SHOW BINARY LOGS`
```
Adjust the aformentioned steps to set up the DC2 and DC3 clusters accordingly.

Add privileges for replication between all nodes only for DC1:

GRANT REPLICATION CLIENT, REPLICATION SLAVE ON *.* TO 'repl'@'%' identified by 'replpass';

Add the replication tables. For example, we add the tables to DC1:

create database if not exists percona;
use percona;
CREATE TABLE `replication` (
  `host` varchar(40) NOT NULL,
  `weight` int(11) NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,
  `localIndex` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
  `isSlave` enum('No','Yes','Proposed','Failed') DEFAULT 'No',
  `lastUpdate` timestamp NOT NULL DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP ON UPDATE CURRENT_TIMESTAMP,
  `lastHeartbeat` timestamp NOT NULL DEFAULT '1971-01-01 00:00:00',
  `connectionName` varchar(64) NOT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (`connectionName`,`host`),
  KEY `idx_host` (`host`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1;
CREATE TABLE `cluster` (
  `cluster` varchar(31) NOT NULL,
  `masterCandidates` varchar(255) NOT NULL,
  `replCreds` varchar(255) NOT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (`cluster`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1;
CREATE TABLE `link` (
  `clusterSlave` varchar(31) NOT NULL,
  `clusterMaster` varchar(31) NOT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (`clusterSlave`,`clusterMaster`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1;
CREATE TABLE `weight` (
 `cluster` varchar(31) NOT NULL,
 `nodename` varchar(255) NOT NULL,
 `weight` int NOT NULL DEFAULT 0, 
 PRIMARY KEY (`cluster`,`nodename`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1;

The replication manager writes to the tables. You do not need to adjust the tables.

The cluster table contains the details of each cluster. The cluster name is defined in the wsrep_cluster_name variable value:

INSERT INTO `cluster` VALUES ('DC1','10.0.4.160 10.0.4.162 10.0.4.163','source_user=\'repl\', source_password=\'replpass\'');
INSERT INTO `cluster` VALUES ('DC2','10.0.4.164 10.0.4.165 10.0.4.166','source_user=\'repl\', source_password=\'replpass\'');
INSERT INTO `cluster` VALUES ('DC3','10.0.4.167 10.0.4.168 10.0.4.169','source_user=\'repl\', source_password=\'replpass\'');

Add the required links:

INSERT INTO `link` VALUES ('DC1','DC2');
INSERT INTO `link` VALUES ('DC1','DC3');
INSERT INTO `link` VALUES ('DC2','DC1');
INSERT INTO `link` VALUES ('DC3','DC1');

Add the weight:

INSERT INTO `weight` VALUES('DC1','DC1-1',10); 
INSERT INTO `weight` VALUES('DC1','DC1-2',11); 
INSERT INTO `weight` VALUES('DC2','DC2-1',9);
INSERT INTO `weight` VALUES('DC2','DC2-2',12);
INSERT INTO `weight` VALUES('DC3','DC3-1',11);

The node in the cluster with the highest value is the first to be selected.

Provision the remote clusters and start replication.

On one of the DC1 nodes, for example DC1-1, perform a mysqldump as root or using sudo:
```
[root@DC1-1 ~]# mysqldump -u root -p --source-data=2 --single-transaction -R -A -E > dump.sql
```
Compress the file if it’s too large. You can use Percona XtraBackup to compress the data. Copy the backup file to one node in each remote cluster, for example to DC2-1 and DC3-1.

To restore the dump, run the following commands as root or using sudo:
```
[root@DC2-1 ~]# mysql -u root -p < dump.sql
```
and
```
[root@DC3-1 ~]# mysql -u root -p < dump.sql
```

Configure the replication. Set up the first replication links manually.

For example, on DC2-1 run:

mysql> change replication source to source_host='WAN IP of DC1-1', source_user='repl', source_password='replpass', SOURCE_AUTO_POSITION = 1 FOR CHANNEL 'DC2-DC1';
mysql> start replica FOR CHANNEL 'DC2-DC1';

on DC3-1 run:

mysql> change replication source to source_host='WAN IP of DC1-1', source_user='repl', source_password='replpass', SOURCE_AUTO_POSITION = 1 FOR CHANNEL 'DC3-DC1';
mysql> start replica FOR CHANNEL 'DC3-DC1';

For the other direction, use DC1-1 for both:

mysql> change replication source to source_host='WAN IP of DC2-1', source_user='repl', source_password='replpass', SOURCE_AUTO_POSITION = 1 FOR CHANNEL 'DC1-DC2';
mysql> start replica FOR CHANNEL 'DC1-DC2';
mysql> change replication source to source_host='WAN IP of DC3-1', source_user='repl', source_password='replpass', SOURCE_AUTO_POSITION = 1 FOR CHANNEL 'DC1-DC3';
mysql> start replica FOR CHANNEL 'DC1-DC3';

Now, all the clusters are linked in a source to source way.

Install and enable Percona XtraDB Cluster-based variant of Percona Distribution for MySQL as described in Install Percona Distribution for MySQL.

Install the packages for replication_manager.sh script depending on your operating system. On each node, perform the following steps as root or using sudo:

On Debian and Ubuntu LinuxOn Red Hat Enterprise Linux and derivatives

$ sudo apt install percona-replication-manager

$ sudo yum install percona-replication-manager

When executed for the first time, the replication manager detects the current replication links and inserts rows in to the percona.replication table. In order to avoid issues, start with the replica nodes. The mysql credentials should be specified in the /root/.my.cnf file. On these nodes (DC1-1, DC2-1 and DC3-1), execute the script manually:

$ /usr/bin/replication_manager.sh

The replication state should be unchanged and the percona.replication table should contain the following rows:

mysql> SELECT * FROM percona.replication;

Expected output

+-------+--------+------------+-----------+---------------------+---------------------+----------------+
| host  | weight | localIndex | isSlave   | lastUpdate          | lastHeartbeat       | connectionName |
+-------+------- +------------+-----------+---------------------+---------------------+----------------+
| DC1-1 |      10|          1 | Yes       | 2017-06-30 13:03:01 | 2017-06-30 13:03:01 | DC1-DC2        |
| DC1-1 |      11|          1 | Yes       | 2017-06-30 13:03:01 | 2017-06-30 13:03:01 | DC1-DC3        |
| DC2-1 |       9|          1 | Yes       | 2017-06-30 13:03:01 | 2017-06-30 13:03:01 | DC2-DC1        |
| DC3-1 |      11|          1 | Yes       | 2017-06-30 13:03:01 | 2017-06-30 13:03:01 | DC3-DC1        |
+-------+--------+------------+-----------+---------------------+---------------------+----------------+
12 rows in set (0.00 sec)

If you have issues on these step, see the Replication manager troubleshooting document.

On these same nodes, enable the cron job:

* * * * * /usr/bin/replication_manager.sh

Wait at least one minute and proceed with the other nodes. Try a manual run first to see if the script adds a line to the replication table for the host, for example, isSlave = No. Then add the cron jobs.

mysql> SELECT * FROM percona.replication;

Expected output

+-------+--------+------------+-----------+---------------------+---------------------+----------------+
| host  | weight | localIndex | isSlave   | lastUpdate          | lastHeartbeat       | connectionName |
+-------+------- +------------+-----------+---------------------+---------------------+----------------+
| DC1-1 |      10|          1 | Yes       | 2017-06-30 13:13:01 | 2017-06-30 13:13:01 | DC1-DC2        |
| DC1-2 |      11|          2 | No        | 2017-06-30 13:13:01 | 2017-06-30 13:13:01 | DC1-DC2        |
| DC1-3 |       9|          0 | No        | 2017-06-30 13:13:01 | 2017-06-30 13:13:01 | DC1-DC2        |
| DC1-1 |      11|          1 | Yes       | 2017-06-30 13:13:01 | 2017-06-30 13:13:01 | DC1-DC3        |
| DC1-2 |      12|          2 | No        | 2017-06-30 13:13:01 | 2017-06-30 13:13:01 | DC1-DC3        |
| DC1-3 |       0|          0 | No        | 2017-06-30 13:13:01 | 2017-06-30 13:13:01 | DC1-DC3        |
| DC2-1 |       0|          1 | Yes       | 2017-06-30 13:13:01 | 2017-06-30 13:13:01 | DC2-DC1        |
| DC2-2 |       0|          0 | No        | 2017-06-30 13:13:01 | 2017-06-30 13:13:01 | DC2-DC1        |
| DC2-3 |       0|          2 | No        | 2017-06-19 15:58:01 | 2017-06-19 15:58:01 | DC2-DC1        |
| DC3-1 |       0|          1 | Yes       | 2017-06-30 13:13:01 | 2017-06-30 13:13:01 | DC3-DC1        |
| DC3-2 |       0|          2 | No        | 2017-06-30 13:13:01 | 2017-06-30 13:13:01 | DC3-DC1        |
| DC3-3 |       0|          0 | No        | 2017-06-30 13:13:01 | 2017-06-30 13:13:01 | DC3-DC1        |
+-------+--------+------------+-----------+---------------------+---------------------+----------------+

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Last update: 2023-03-28