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Upgrading Percona Distribution for PostgreSQL from 13 to 14

This document describes the in-place upgrade of Percona Distribution for PostgreSQL using the pg_upgrade tool.

Important

When running a major upgrade on RHEL 8 and compatible derivatives, consider the following:

Percona Distribution for PostgreSQL 16.3, 15.7, 14.12, 13.15 and 12.18 include llvm packages 16.0.6, while its previous versions 16.2, 15.6, 14.11, 13.14, and 12.17 include llvm 12.0.1. Since llvm libraries differ and are not compatible, the direct major version upgrade from 15.6 to 16.3 may cause issues.

To ensure a smooth upgrade path, follow these steps:

  • Upgrade to the latest minor version within your current major version (e.g., from 13.14 to 13.15).
  • Then, perform the major upgrade to your desired version (e.g., from 13.15 to 14.12).

The in-place upgrade means installing a new version without removing the old version and keeping the data files on the server.

See also

pg_upgrade Documentation

Similar to installing, we recommend you to upgrade Percona Distribution for PostgreSQL from Percona repositories.

Important

A major upgrade is a risky process because of many changes between versions and issues that might occur during or after the upgrade. Therefore, make sure to back up your data first. The backup tools are out of scope of this document. Use the backup tool of your choice.

The general in-place upgrade flow for Percona Distribution for PostgreSQL is the following:

  1. Install Percona Distribution for PostgreSQL 14 packages.

  2. Stop the PostgreSQL service.

  3. Check the upgrade without modifying the data.

  4. Upgrade Percona Distribution for PostgreSQL.

  5. Start PostgreSQL service.

  6. Execute the analyze_new_cluster.sh script to generate statistics so the system is usable.

  7. Delete old packages and configuration files.

The exact steps may differ depending on the package manager of your operating system.

On Debian and Ubuntu using apt

Run all commands as root or via sudo:

  1. Install Percona Distribution for PostgreSQL 14 packages.

    $ sudo percona-release setup ppg-14
    • Install Percona Distribution for PostgreSQL 14 package:
    $ sudo apt install percona-postgresql-14

  2. Stop the postgresql service.

    $ sudo systemctl stop postgresql.service

    This stops both Percona Distribution for PostgreSQL 13 and 14.

  3. Run the database upgrade.

    • Log in as the postgres user.
    $ sudo su postgres
    • Change the current directory to the tmp directory where logs and some scripts will be recorded:
    $ cd tmp/
    • Check the ability to upgrade Percona Distribution for PostgreSQL from 13 to 14:
    $ /usr/lib/postgresql/14/bin/pg_upgrade \
--old-datadir=/var/lib/postgresql/13/main \
--new-datadir=/var/lib/postgresql/14/main  \
--old-bindir=/usr/lib/postgresql/13/bin  \
--new-bindir=/usr/lib/postgresql/14/bin  \
--old-options '-c config_file=/etc/postgresql/13/main/postgresql.conf' \
--new-options '-c config_file=/etc/postgresql/14/main/postgresql.conf' \
--check

    The --check flag here instructs pg_upgrade to only check the upgrade without changing any data.

    Sample output

    Performing Consistency Checks
-----------------------------
Checking cluster versions                                   ok
Checking database user is the install user                  ok
Checking database connection settings                       ok
Checking for prepared transactions                          ok
Checking for reg* data types in user tables                 ok
Checking for contrib/isn with bigint-passing mismatch       ok
Checking for tables WITH OIDS                               ok
Checking for invalid "sql_identifier" user columns          ok
Checking for presence of required libraries                 ok
Checking database user is the install user                  ok
Checking for prepared transactions                          ok

*Clusters are compatible*
    • Upgrade the Percona Distribution for PostgreSQL
    $ /usr/lib/postgresql/14/bin/pg_upgrade
--old-datadir=/var/lib/postgresql/13/main \
--new-datadir=/var/lib/postgresql/14/main  \
--old-bindir=/usr/lib/postgresql/13/bin  \
--new-bindir=/usr/lib/postgresql/14/bin  \
--old-options '-c config_file=/etc/postgresql/13/main/postgresql.conf' \
--new-options '-c config_file=/etc/postgresql/14/main/postgresql.conf' \
--link

    The --link flag creates hard links to the files on the old version cluster so you don’t need to copy data.

    If you don’t wish to use the --link option, make sure that you have enough disk space to store 2 copies of files for both old version and new version clusters.

    • Go back to the regular user:
    $ exit
    • The Percona Distribution for PostgreSQL 13 uses the 5432 port while the Percona Distribution for PostgreSQL 14 is set up to use the 5433 port by default. To start the Percona Distribution for PostgreSQL 14, swap ports in the configuration files of both versions.
    $ sudo vim /etc/postgresql/14/main/postgresql.conf
$ port = 5433 # Change to 5432 here
$ sudo vim /etc/postgresql/13/main/postgresql.conf
$ port = 5432 # Change to 5433 here

  4. Start the postgreqsl service.

    $ sudo systemctl start postgresql.service

  5. Check the postgresql version.

    • Log in as a postgres user
    $ sudo su postgres
    • Check the database version
    $ psql -c "SELECT version();"

  6. After the upgrade, the Optimizer statistics are not transferred to the new cluster. Run the vaccumdb command to analyze the new cluster:

    $ /usr/lib/postgresql/14/bin/vacuumdb --all --analyze-in-stages

  7. Delete the old cluster’s data files:

    $ ./delete_old_cluster.sh
$ sudo rm -rf /etc/postgresql/13/main
$ #Logout
$ exit

On Red Hat Enterprise Linux and derivatives using yum

Run all commands as root or via sudo:

  1. Install Percona Distribution for PostgreSQL 14 packages

    $ sudo percona-release setup ppg-14
    • Install Percona Distribution for PostgreSQL 14:
    $ sudo yum install percona-postgresql14-server

  2. Set up Percona Distribution for PostgreSQL 14 cluster

  3. Log is as the postgres user

    sudo su postgres

  4. Set up locale settings

    export LC_ALL="en_US.UTF-8"
export LC_CTYPE="en_US.UTF-8"

  5. Initialize cluster with the new data directory

    $ /usr/pgsql-14/bin/initdb -D /var/lib/pgsql/14/data

  6. Stop the postgresql 13 service

    $ systemctl stop postgresql-13

  7. Run the database upgrade.

    • Log in as the postgres user
    $ sudo su postgres
    • Check the ability to upgrade Percona Distribution for PostgreSQL from 13 to 14:
    $ /usr/pgsql-14/bin/pg_upgrade \
--old-bindir /usr/pgsql-13/bin \
--new-bindir /usr/pgsql-14/bin  \
--old-datadir /var/lib/pgsql/13/data \
--new-datadir /var/lib/pgsql/14/data \
--check

    The --check flag here instructs pg_upgrade to only check the upgrade without changing any data.

    Sample output

    Performing Consistency Checks
-----------------------------
Checking cluster versions                                   ok
Checking database user is the install user                  ok
Checking database connection settings                       ok
Checking for prepared transactions                          ok
Checking for reg* data types in user tables                 ok
Checking for contrib/isn with bigint-passing mismatch       ok
Checking for tables WITH OIDS                               ok
Checking for invalid "sql_identifier" user columns          ok
Checking for presence of required libraries                 ok
Checking database user is the install user                  ok
Checking for prepared transactions                          ok

*Clusters are compatible*
    • Upgrade the Percona Distribution for PostgreSQL
    $ /usr/pgsql-14/bin/pg_upgrade \
--old-bindir /usr/pgsql-13/bin \
--new-bindir /usr/pgsql-14/bin  \
--old-datadir /var/lib/pgsql/13/data \
--new-datadir /var/lib/pgsql/14/data \
--link

    The --link flag creates hard links to the files on the old version cluster so you don’t need to copy data. If you don’t wish to use the --link option, make sure that you have enough disk space to store 2 copies of files for both old version and new version clusters.

  8. Start the postgresql 14 service.

    $ systemctl start postgresql-14

  9. Check postgresql status

    $ systemctl status postgresql-14

  10. After the upgrade, the Optimizer statistics are not transferred to the new cluster. Run the vaccumdb command to analyze the new cluster:

    • Log in as the postgres user
    $ sudo su postgres
    • Run the vaccumdb command
    $ /usr/pgsql-14/bin/vacuumdb --all --analyze-in-stages

  11. Delete Percona Distribution for PostgreSQL 13 configuration files

    $ ./delete_old_cluster.sh

  12. Delete Percona Distribution old data files

    $ rm -rf /var/lib/pgsql/13/data