Load balancing with HAProxy¶

This manual describes how to configure HAProxy to work with Percona XtraDB Cluster.

Start by installing HAProxy on a node that you intend to use for load balancing. The operating systems that support Percona XtraDB Cluster provide the haproxy package and you can install it using the package manager.

Debian or Ubuntu

```{.bash data-prompt="$"}
$ sudo apt update
$ sudo apt install haproxy
```

Red Hat or CentOS:

```{.bash data-prompt="$"}
$ sudo yum update
$ sudo yum install haproxy
```

Supported versions of HAProxy

The lowest supported version of HAProxy is 1.4.20.

To start HAProxy, use the haproxy command. You may pass any number of configuration parameters on the command line. To use a configuration file, use the -f option.

$ # Passing one configuration file
$ sudo haproxy -f haproxy-1.cfg

$ # Passing multiple configuration files
$ sudo haproxy -f haproxy-1.cfg haproxy-2.cfg

$ # Passing a directory
$ sudo haproxy -f conf-dir

You can pass the name of an existing configuration file or a directory. HAProxy includes all files with the .cfg extension in the the supplied directory. Another way to pass multiple files is to use -f multiple times.

Example of the HAProxy configuration file

```{.text .no-copy}
global
        log 127.0.0.1   local0
        log 127.0.0.1   local1 notice
        maxconn 4096
        uid 99
        gid 99
        daemon
        #debug
        #quiet

defaults
        log     global
        mode    http
        option  tcplog
        option  dontlognull
        retries 3
        redispatch
        maxconn 2000
        contimeout      5000
        clitimeout      50000
        srvtimeout      50000

listen mysql-cluster 0.0.0.0:3306
    mode tcp
    balance roundrobin
    option mysql-check user root

    server db01 10.4.29.100:3306 check
    server db02 10.4.29.99:3306 check
    server db03 10.4.29.98:3306 check

Options set in the configuration file

HAProxy option (with links to HAProxy documentation)	Description
global	A section in the configuration file for process-wide parameters
defaults	A section in the configuration file for default parameters for all other following sections
listen	A section in the configuration file that defines a complete proxy with its frontend and backend parts combined in one section
balance	Load balancing algorithm to be used in a backend
clitimeout	Set the maximum inactivity time on the client side
contimeout	Set the maximum time to wait for a connection attempt to a server to succeed.
daemon	Makes the process fork into background (recommended mode of operation)
gid	Changes the process’ group ID to <number>
log	Adds a global syslog server
maxconn	Sets the maximum per-process number of concurrent connections to <number>
mode	Set the running mode or protocol of the instance
option dontlognull	Disable logging of null connections
option tcplog	Enable advanced logging of TCP connections with session state and timers
redispatch	Enable or disable session redistribution in case of connection failure
retries	Set the number of retries to perform on a server after a connection failure
server	Declare a server in a backend
srvtimeout	Set the maximum inactivity time on the server side
uid	Changes the process’ user ID to <number>

With this configuration, HAProxy will balance the load between three nodes. In this case, it only checks if mysqld listens on port 3306, but it doesn’t take into an account the state of the node. So it could be sending queries to the node that has mysqld running even if it’s in JOINING or DISCONNECTED state.

To check the current status of a node we need a more complex check. This idea was taken from codership-team google groups.

To implement this setup, you will need two scripts:

clustercheck (located in /usr/local/bin) and a config for xinetd
mysqlchk (located in /etc/xinetd.d) on each node

Both scripts are available in binaries and source distributions of Percona XtraDB Cluster.

Change the /etc/services file by adding the following line on each node:

mysqlchk        9200/tcp                # mysqlchk

Example of the HAProxy configuration file

```{.text .no-copy}
# this config needs haproxy-1.4.20

global
        log 127.0.0.1   local0
        log 127.0.0.1   local1 notice
        maxconn 4096
        uid 99
        gid 99
        #daemon
        debug
        #quiet

defaults
        log     global
        mode    http
        option  tcplog
        option  dontlognull
        retries 3
        redispatch
        maxconn 2000
        contimeout      5000
        clitimeout      50000
        srvtimeout      50000

listen mysql-cluster 0.0.0.0:3306
    mode tcp
    balance roundrobin
    option  httpchk

    server db01 10.4.29.100:3306 check port 9200 inter 12000 rise 3 fall 3
    server db02 10.4.29.99:3306 check port 9200 inter 12000 rise 3 fall 3
    server db03 10.4.29.98:3306 check port 9200 inter 12000 rise 3 fall 3
```

Important

In Percona XtraDB Cluster 8.4, the default authentication plugin is caching_sha2_password. HAProxy does not support this authentication plugin. Create a mysql user using the mysql_native_password authentication plugin.

mysql> CREATE USER 'haproxy_user'@'%' IDENTIFIED WITH mysql_native_password by '$3Kr$t';

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Last update: 2024-01-18