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Take a streaming backup

Percona XtraBackup supports streaming mode. Streaming mode sends a backup to STDOUT in the xbstream format instead of copying the files to the backup directory.

This method allows you to use other programs to filter the output of the backup, providing greater flexibility for storage of the backup. For example, compression is achieved by piping the output to a compression utility. One of the benefits of streaming backups and using Unix pipes is that the backups can be automatically encrypted.

To use the streaming feature, run the --stream option.

$ xtrabackup --stream

xtrabackup uses xbstream to stream all of the data files to STDOUT, in a special xbstream format. After it finishes streaming all of the data files to STDOUT, it stops xtrabackup and streams the saved log file too.

When compression is enabled, xtrabackup compresses the output data, except for the meta and non-InnoDB files which are not compressed, using the specified compression algorithm. Percona XtraBackup supports the following compression algorithms:

Zstandard (ZSTD)

The Zstandard (ZSTD) is a fast lossless compression algorithm that targets real-time compression scenarios and better compression ratios. ZSTD is the default compression algorithm for the --compress option.

To compress files using the ZSTD compression algorithm, use the --compress option:

$ xtrabackup --backup --compress --target-dir=/data/backup

The resulting files have the \*.zst format.

You can specify ZSTD compression level with the --compress-zstd-level(=#) option. The default value is 1.

$ xtrabackup –backup –compress –compress-zstd-level=1 –target-dir=/data/backup

lz4

To compress files using the lz4 compression algorithm, set the --compress option to lz4:

$ xtrabackup --backup --compress=lz4 --target-dir=/data/backup

The resulting files have the \*.lz4 format.

To decompress files, use the --decompress option.

In case backups were both compressed and encrypted, they must be decrypted before they are uncompressed.

Task Command
Stream the backup into an archive named backup.xbstream xtrabackup --backup --stream > backup.xbstream
Stream the backup into a compressed archive named backup.xbstream xtrabackup --backup --stream --compress > backup.xbstream
Encrypt the backup xtrabackup --backup --stream \|gzip \| openssl des3 -salt -k 'password' -out backup.xbstream.gz.des3
Unpack the backup to the current directory xbstream -x < backup.xbstream
Send the backup compressed directly to another host and unpack it xtrabackup --backup --compress --stream | ssh user@otherhost "xbstream -x"
Send the backup to another server using netcat On the destination host:
nc -l 9999 | cat - > /data/backups/backup.xbstream

On the source host:
xtrabackup --backup --stream | nc desthost 9999
Send the backup to another server using a one-liner ssh user@desthost “( nc -l 9999 > /data/backups/backup.xbstream & )” && xtrabackup --backup --stream | nc desthost 9999
Throttle the throughput to 10MB/sec using the pipe viewer tool xtrabackup --backup --stream | pv -q -L10m ssh user@desthost “cat - > /data/backups/backup.xbstream”
Checksum the backup during the streaming On the destination host:
nc -l 9999 | tee >(sha1sum > destination_checksum) > /data/backups/backup.xbstream

On the source host:
xtrabackup --backup --stream | tee >(sha1sum > source_checksum) | nc desthost 9999

Compare the checksums on the source host:
cat source_checksum 65e4f916a49c1f216e0887ce54cf59bf3934dbad

Compare the checksums on the destination host:
cat destination_checksum 65e4f916a49c1f216e0887ce54cf59bf3934dbad
Parallel compression with parallel copying backup xtrabackup --backup --compress --compress-threads=8 --stream --parallel=4 > backup.xbstream

Important

The streamed backup must be prepared before restoration. Streaming mode does not prepare the backup.

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Last update: 2024-08-14